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6)
A block of wood that weighs 10. g is immersed in water. The total amount of
water displaced is 12 mL. What is the density of the block of wood?
A)
0.83 g/mL
B)
1.2 g/mL
C)
0.83 mL/g
D)
12 g/10 mL
E)
120 g/mL
Answer: A
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.4
7)
A piece of aluminum weighing 10.0 grams is placed into a graduated cylinder
that has an initial volume (before immersion) of 35.0 mL. After immersion, the
volume on the cylinder reads 38.7 mL. What is the density of the metal sample?
A)
2.70 g/mL
B)
0.25 g/mL
C)
0.28 g/mL
D)
0.37 g/mL
E)
3.70 g/mL
Answer: A
Diff:
3
Learning
Obj: 2.4
8)
Assuming temperature remains constant, what happens to the density of a gas as
the gas is compressed into a smaller volume?
A)
The density of the gas decreases along with the decreasing volume.
B)
The density of the gas increases along with the decreasing volume.
C)
The density of the gas stays the same because it is an intrinsic property of a
material.
D)
The density increases because of an increase in mass.
Answer: B
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.4
9)
A post-1982 penny is made with zinc, but its density is actually greater than that
of zinc because ________.
A)
it is coated with a thin layer of copper, which is more dense than zinc
B)
it is compressed to a smaller volume in the manufacturing process
C)
it has more mass for the same volume
D)
Both A and C are correct
Answer: D
Diff:
1
Learning Obj: 2.4
10)
The following three boxes represent the number of submicroscopic particles
within a given volume of a particular substance at different temperatures.
Which box represents the greatest density? Which box represents the greatest temperature?
A)
A and C
B)
B and C
C)
A and B
D)
B and A
Answer: A
Diff:
1
Learning
Obj: 2.4
11)
Which of the following is generally true regarding the relationships of the
density of an object and its massiveness?
A)
A denser object is not necessarily always more massive.
B)
There is no scientific relationship between density and massiveness.
C)
The relationship between density and massiveness depends on the physical state
of the object only.
D)
None of the above is true.
Answer: A
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.4
12)
When water freezes, it expands. What does this say about the density of ice
compared with the density of water?
A)
The density of water and ice are identical since they have exactly the same
chemical formula.
B)
The expansion of water when it freezes to ice changes its volume, not its
density.
C)
Ice is less dense than water because it has more volume for the same mass.
D)
Ice is more dense than water because it has more volume for the same mass
Answer: C
Diff:
1
Learning Obj: 2.4
13)
What happens to the density of a filled water balloon as it is pulled to the
bottom of the ocean?
A)
The density of the filled water balloon does not change. The increase in
pressure is offset by a decrease in water temperature.
B)
The density of the filled water balloon decreases as more cold water surrounds
the balloon at greater depth.
C)
The density of the filled water balloon increases since the balloon is
compressed to a smaller volume.
D)
The density of the filled water balloon first increases because of a decrease
in water temperature, then the density decreases at greater depths as the
pressure increases.
Answer: C
Diff:
3
Learning
Obj: 2.4
14)
Someone wants to sell you a piece of gold that they say is nearly pure. Before
buying the piece, you measure its mass to be 52.3 grams and you find that it
displaces 4.16 mL of water. Calculate its density and assess its purity given
the fact that pure gold has a density of 19.3 g/mL.
A)
The piece of gold is about 65 percent pure.
B)
The piece of gold is only about 12.6 percent pure.
C)
The piece of gold is only about 8 percent pure.
D)
Not enough information is given to calculate the purity, but enough information
is given to let you know that the piece is far from pure.
Answer: D
Diff:
3
Learning
Obj: 2.4
15)
What volume of water would a 52.3-gram sample of pure gold displace? (Assume
the density of pure gold equals 19.3 g/mL)
A)
36.9 mL
B)
2.71 mL
C)
52.3 mL
D)
The density of water should be given in order to make this calculation
possible.
Answer: B
Diff:
1
Learning
Obj: 2.4
2.5 Energy Is the Mover of Matter
1)
Which of the following is an example of something with potential energy?
A)
a boulder at the top of a cliff
B)
an arrow poised in a stretched bow
C)
chemical bonds
D)
gasoline in the gas tank of your car
E)
all of the above
Answer: E
Diff:
1
Learning Obj: 2.5
2)
Which of the following is something that is best described as having potential
energy?
A)
food
B)
wind
C)
running water
D)
a meteorite traveling through the atmosphere
E)
none of the above
Answer: A
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.5
3)
Which of the following is an example of something best described as having kinetic
energy?
A)
a ball falling through the air
B)
a boulder at the bottom of a cliff
C)
a dart stuck into a dart board
D)
a candy bar with 230 kilocalories
E)
a log of wood in a fireplace that has not been lit
Answer: A
Diff:
1
Learning
Obj: 2.5
4)
Which of the following is the least amount of energy?
A)
1.0 joules
B)
1.0 kilojoule
C)
1.0 Calorie
D)
1.0 kilocalorie
E)
1.0 calorie
Answer: A
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.5
5)
The value 300 joules could be a measure of ________.
A)
the energy content of an object
B)
the amount of heat transferred from one object to another
C)
the temperature of an object
D)
A and B
E)
all of the above
Answer: D
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.5
6)
Which is more evident: potential or kinetic energy?
A)
Potential energy is more evident than kinetic energy because it required work
in order to gain that potential energy.
B)
Potential energy is more evident than kinetic energy because it involves
motion.
C)
Kinetic energy is more evident than potential energy because it is created from
potential energy.
D)
Kinetic energy is more evident than potential energy because it involves
motion.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
7)
Will your body possess energy after you die? If so, what kind?
A)
Your body possesses no energy after you die because it cannot move on its own.
B)
Your body possesses both potential and kinetic energy even as it lies still.
C)
Your body possesses chemical potential energy, which is the potential energy
found within the atoms and molecules of your tissues.
D)
Your body possesses chemical potential energy, but also kinetic energy at the
level of atoms and molecules, which vibrate rapidly.
Answer: D
Diff:
2
8)
How many calories are there in a candy bar containing 230 Calories?
A)
230 calories
B)
2300 calories
C)
23,000 calories
D)
230,000 calories
Answer: D
Diff:
1
9)
How many joules are there in a candy bar containing 230,000 calories?
A)
230,000 joules
B)
55,000 joules
C)
460,000 joules
D)
960,000 joules
Answer: D
Diff:
1
2.6 Temperature Is a Measure of How Hot—Heat It
is Not
1)
Heat Is a measure of ________.
A)
temperature
B)
internal thermal energy
C)
average kinetic energy
D)
none of the above
Answer: A, D
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.6
2)
Which temperature is the hottest?
A)
100°C
B)
100 K
C)
100°F
D)
They are all equal.
E)
none of the above
Answer: A
Diff:
1
Learning Obj: 2.6
3)
Which of the following temperatures is not possible?
A)
25 K
B)
-200 K
C)
-200°C
D)
0°C
E)
0°F
Answer: B
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.6
4)
Which of the following best describes temperature?
A)
Temperature is the measure of the average amount of kinetic energy in a
substance.
B)
Temperature is the measure of the total amount of energy in a substance.
C)
Temperature is the measure of the heat of an object.
D)
all of the above
E)
none of the above
Answer: A
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.6
5)
Which of the following would best describe heat?
A)
Heat is energy that moves from high to low temperature objects.
B)
Heat is a measure of the temperature of an object.
C)
Heat can be measured with a thermometer.
D)
Objects at the same temperature have the same amount of heat.
E)
Heat is a measure of the average amount of energy in an object.
Answer: A
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.6
6)
When a liquid evaporates, the vapor expands because ________.
A)
the gas particles have less kinetic energy than the liquid particles
B)
the gas particles have less potential energy than the liquid particles
C)
the gas particles have more potential energy than the liquid particles
D)
the gas particles have more kinetic energy than the liquid particles
E)
the gas particles are bigger than the liquid particles
Answer: D
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.6
7)
What determines the direction of heat flow?
A)
Heat always flows from a lower-temperature substance into a higher-temperature
substance.
B)
Heat always flows from a higher-temperature substance into a lower-temperature
substance.
C)
Heat flow direction depends upon the density of the substances involved.
D)
The direction of heat flow is not predictable in any given process.
Answer: B
Diff:
1
Learning Obj: 2.6
8)
In which are the molecules moving faster: a swimming pool of boiling water or a
cup of boiling water?
A)
The swimming pool of boiling water because it contains more energy.
B)
The cup because the molecules rebound off the container's inner surface more
frequently.
C)
The average motion of the molecules in each is the same.
D)
There is insufficient information given to determine where the molecules move
faster.
Answer: C
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.6
9)
What is temperature a measure of?
A)
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the submicroscopic
particles of a material.
B)
Temperature is a measure of the total amount of energy found within a material.
C)
Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is relative to some
standard.
D)
Both A and C are correct.
Answer: D
Diff:
1
Learning
Obj: 2.6
10)
A minimum temperature exists (absolute zero).
Why does no known maximum temperature exist?
A)
Scientists have not yet determined what instruments might be able to measure
the maximum temperature.
B)
Scientists disagree on the pressure conditions with which to measure the
maximum temperature.
C)
Assuming no limit on the relative speed of atoms and molecules, it follows that
there is no maximum temperature.
D)
The maximum temperature is known to exist on the sun but we have not been able
to measure it yet.
Answer: C
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.6
11)
An old remedy for separating a pair of nested drinking glasses stuck together
is to run water at one temperature into the inner glass and then run water at a
different temperature over the surface of the outer glass. Which water should
be hot and which should be cold?
A)
fill the inner glass with cold water while running hot water over the outer
glass
B)
fill the inner glass with hot water while running cold water over the outer
glass
C)
submerge both glass in a tub of hot water; wait for a while and then transfer
to a tub of cold water
D)
submerge both glass in a tub of cold water; wait for a while and then transfer
to a tub of hot water
Answer: A
Diff:
1
Learning Obj: 2.6
12)
A supersonic airplane heats up considerably when traveling through the air at
speeds greater than the speed of sound. As a result, the airplane during
supersonic flight is longer than when it is at rest on the ground. Offer an
explanation for this length change from a submicroscopic perspective.
A)
The engines on the supersonic plane are so powerful that they cause the plane's
metal skin to stretch during accelerations.
B)
Materials expand as they are heated.
C)
Atmospheric air molecules hit the supersonic plane at great velocities causing
the atoms of the planes metal skin to start moving faster.
D)
Both A and B are correct.
Answer: C
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.6
13)
Which has more total energy: a cup of boiling water at 100°C or a swimming pool
of slightly cooler water at 90°C?
A)
The cup of boiling water at 100°C has more energy.
B)
The swimming pool at 90°C has more energy.
C)
They both have the same amount of energy because they are both made of water.
D)
It is not possible to answer this question without knowing the ambient
temperature surrounding each body of water.
Answer: B
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.6
14)
If you drop a hot rock into a pail of water, the temperature of the rock and
the water change until the two are equal. The rock cools and the water warms.
Does this hold true if the hot rock is dropped into the Atlantic Ocean?
A)
no, because the Atlantic Ocean is so much bigger than a pail of water
B)
no, because the Atlantic Ocean also contains dissolved salts
C)
yes, because heat will continue to flow until they have the same temperature
D)
yes, because the Atlantic Ocean actually contains more energy than does the
pail of water
Answer: C
Diff:
1
Learning
Obj: 2.6
2.7 The Phase of a Material Depends on the
Motion of Its Particles
1)
Which of the following best describes a gas?
A)
The molecules are moving quickly and are widely spaced.
B)
The molecules are moving slowly and closely spaced.
C)
The material has a fixed volume and a fixed shape.
D)
The material has a fixed volume but has no definite shape.
E)
The molecules are closely spaced but in random fashion.
Answer: A
Diff:
1
Learning Obj: 2.7
2)
Which of the following best describes a liquid?
A)
a constant volume but its shape is not defined
B)
a constant shape and a constant volume
C)
does not have a definite shape or a definite volume
D)
will always expand to fill the full volume of its container.
E)
does not deform upon application of pressure
Answer: A
Diff:
1
Learning
Obj: 2.7
3)
Which would have the most kinetic energy? The same mass of ________.
A)
a hot gas.
B)
a cool gas.
C)
a solid.
D)
a hot liquid.
E)
a cool liquid.
Answer: A
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.7
4)
Imagine that you can see individual molecules. You watch a small collection of
molecules that are moving around slowly while vibrating and bumping against
each other. The slower moving molecules then start to line up, but as they do
so their vibrations increase. Soon all the molecules are aligned and vibrating
about fixed positions. What is happening?
A)
The sample is being cooled and the material is freezing.
B)
The sample is being heated and the material is boiling.
C)
The sample is being cooled and the material is condensing.
D)
The sample is being heated and the material is melting.
E)
The sample is unchanged.
Answer: A
Diff:
3
Learning
Obj: 2.7
5)
What type of phase change does the following figure best describe?
A)
evaporation
B)
condensation
C)
melting
D)
freezing
E)
none of the above
Answer: A
Diff:
2
Learning Obj: 2.7
6)
What type of phase change does the following figure best describe?
A)
melting
B)
condensation
C)
evaporation
D)
freezing
E)
none of the above
Answer: A
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.7
7)
Using the above images illustrating identical volumes of different materials,
which has the highest density?
A)
A
B)
B
C)
C
D)
All have the same mass.
E)
All have the same density.
Answer: A
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.7
8)
If all of the above images represents the same material, which has the highest
temperature?
A)
A because heat causes an increase in density.
B)
B because the gas has expanded.
C)
C because neither A or B are plausible.
D)
All have same temperature.
Answer: B
Diff:
2
Learning Obj: 2.7
9)
What state (or states) of matter does this diagram of submicroscopic particles
represent?
A)
solid
B)
liquid
C)
gas
D)
solid-gas mixture
E)
liquid-gas mixture
Answer: D
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.7
10)
The phase in which atoms and molecules no longer move is ________.
A)
the solid phase
B)
the liquid phase
C)
the gas phase
D)
none of the above
Answer: D
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.7
11)
Which has stronger attractions among its submicroscopic particles: a solid at
25°C or a gas at 
A)
The attractions among the submicroscopic particles of the solid must be
stronger than the attractions among the particles of the gas.
B)
The submicroscopic particles of the gas are moving faster. This means that they
have more energy, which means that the attractions among them must be stronger.
C)
The attractions among the submicroscopic particles of the solid are much
stronger, so much stronger that they hold the particles of the solid absolutely
still.
D)
The temperatures of these two materials are the same, which means that the
attractions among their submicroscopic particles are also of the same strength.
Answer: A
Diff:
2
Learning Obj: 2.7
12)
The diagram on the far left shows the moving particles of a gaseous material
within a rigid container. Which of the three boxes on the right best represents
this material upon the addition of heat?
A)
box A because it shows the gas particles rising upon the addition of heat
B)
box B because it shows the gas particles moving faster
C)
box C because it shows how the particles expand upon the addition of heat
D)
All three of these boxes show accurate representations of what happens to the
particles within this rigid container upon the addition of heat.
Answer: B
Diff:
3
Learning
Obj: 2.7
13)
The diagram on the left in box A shows the interface of solid and liquid phases
of a single substance where each sphere represents a molecule of that
substance. Which box, A, B, or C, best represents what the molecules of this
substance would look like if heat were added? Which box best represents what
the molecules substance would look like if heat were taken away?
A)
A and C
B)
B and C
C)
A and B
D)
C and B
Answer: D
Diff:
3
Learning
Obj: 2.7
14)
Gas particles travel at speeds of up to 500 meters per second. Why, then, does
it take so long for gas molecules to travel the length of a room?
A)
It doesn't. The fact is that a high concentration of them is required in order
for them to be detected.
B)
Gas particles travel in circular motion expanding outward as the move.
C)
Gas particles bump into each other as well as other particles in the air.
D)
Strong attractive forces between the gas particles keep the individual
particles from high speed escape.
Answer: C
Diff:
2
Learning Obj: 2.7
15)
Humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. Why is
humidity always very low inside your kitchen freezer?
A)
The kitchen freezer is most often sealed off from the atmosphere.
B)
The frost in the freezer absorbs this moisture.
C)
It is not possible for water to be in the gaseous phase at temperatures below
0°C.
D)
At the cold temperatures of your kitchen freezer, water molecules in the vapor
phase are moving relatively slowly, which makes it easier for them to stick to
inner surfaces within the freezer or to other water molecules.
Answer: D
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.7
16)
Alcohol wiped across a table top rapidly disappears. Which of the following is
true?
A)
As the alcohol evaporates it soaks up energy from the table top which is thus
cooled.
B)
The alcohol is absorbed by the table top in a reaction that releases heat.
C)
The alcohol and table top undergo a chemical reaction producing a fragrant
vapor.
D)
Alcohol is an organic substance composed of continuous matter without empty
space and is immediately annihilated when it comes into contact with the table
top.
Answer: A
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.7
17)
Each sphere in the diagrams below represents an atom. Joined spheres represent
molecules. Assume the two boxes are at the same temperature. Which box contains
a higher boiling point liquid?
A)
Box A
B)
Box B
C)
both Box A and Box B
D)
neither box
Answer: B
Diff:
1
Learning Obj: 2.7
2.8 Gas Laws Describe the Behavior of Gases
1)
Why do scuba divers exhale air when they ascend to the surface after a dive?
A)
The air bubbles which surround the diver as he/she exhales assists overall
buoyancy making it easier for the diver to ascend.
B)
Exhaling of air decreases the volume of air in the lungs, thus making it easier
for the lungs to adjust to the decrease in external pressure on the diver as
the diver ascends.
C)
If the air in the lungs were not exhaled, the volume of air inside the lungs
would expand as the diver ascended and could severely damage the lungs.
D)
Both B and C are true.
E)
None of the above are true.
Answer: D
Diff:
1
Learning
Obj: 2.8
2)
What would be the effect on an enclosed volume of gas if we were to
simultaneously double the pressure and double the Kelvin (Absolute) temperature
of the enclosed gas?
A)
The gas volume would double.
B)
The gas volume would be cut in half.
C)
The gas volume would remain the same.
D)
The gas density would double and the gas would liquify.
E)
It's not possible to simultaneously double the pressure and temperature.
Answer: C
Diff:
1
Learning
Obj: 2.8
3)
Why do aerosol cans explode if heated?
A)
The cans are pressurized with a volatile and flammable liquid. If the can is
heated, the flammable liquid combusts and explodes.
B)
The lining of the aerosol can is composed of a flammable organic substance. If
heated, the lining will ignite and explode the can.
C)
An increase in temperature will increase the pressure inside the aerosol can.
When the pressure inside the can exceeds the pressure limit of the can, it
explodes.
D)
In general, aerosol cans don't really explode when heated. This warning only
applies to aerosol cans containing dangerous flammable chemicals.
E)
Any time a liquid expands to the vapor state, the atoms or molecules explode
since they are being asked to expand more 22,400 times their initial volume in
just a few seconds.
Answer: C
Diff:
1
Learning Obj: 2.8
4)
The density of air at 25°C and 1 atmosphere of pressure is about 
. What happens to the density of air
as the temperature is increased? When the pressure is increased?
. What happens to the density of air
as the temperature is increased? When the pressure is increased?
A)
temperature increase causes density to decrease; pressure increase causes
density to increase
B)
temperature increase causes density to decrease; pressure increase causes
density to decrease
C)
temperature increase causes density to increase; pressure increase causes
density to increase
D)
temperature increase causes density to increase; pressure increase causes
density to decrease
Answer: A
Diff:
1
Learning
Obj: 2.8
5)
At a depth of about 10 meters the water pressure on you is equal to the
pressure of 1 atmosphere. The total pressure on you is therefore 2
atmospheres—1 atm from the water and a second atm from the air above the water.
When the glass shown below is pushed down to a depth of around 10 meters in
depth, what will be the level of the water on the inside of the glass?
A)
The water level will have risen to about the halfway mark.
B)
The water level will not change.
C)
The water level will decrease to about one-half of what is was originally.
D)
The water will fill the glass.
Answer: A
Diff:
1
Learning Obj: 2.8
6)
Place a card over the open top of a glass filled to the brim with water, and
then invert it, as is shown below. Why does the card stay in place? How about
when the glass is held sideways?
A)
The weight of the air pushing against the outer surface of the card is much
greater than the weight of the water pushing against the inner surface of the
card, whether inverted or held sideways.
B)
The adhesive force between the water and the card is greater than the force
exerted by the weight of the water from the inside of the glass both in the
inverted position and while held sideways.
C)
Inverting the glass with the card in place creates a sufficiently strong vacuum
so that the water is not permitted to escape. That vacuum is the same when the
glass is held sideways.
D)
The surface tension that was created by putting the card in place is converted
to a force of adhesion which exceeds the force exerted by the weight of the
water in the glass, whether inverted or held sideways.
Answer: A
Diff:
2
Learning
Obj: 2.8
7)
When you suck through a soda straw into a drink as shown in the illustration
below, what causes the drink to rise into your mouth: the muscles of your lungs
and cheeks or the weight of the atmosphere?
A)
the muscles of your lungs
B)
the weight of the atmosphere
C)
Both factors are equally accountable for the soda's rising into your mouth.
D)
Actually, neither the muscles of your lungs nor the weight of the atmosphere is
the reason for the soda's rising into your mouth.
Answer: B
Diff:
2
Learning Obj: 2.8
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